Nano-enabled Approaches for Pregnancy Care: Early Detection, Monitoring, and Risk Prediction

Pregnancy, a complex developmental process, begins with the fertilization of an egg by a sperm and culminates in childbirth. Throughout the gestational period, the maternal organism experiences significant hormonal, metabolic, and anatomical alterations. Consequently, the well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus depends upon the early diagnosis and precise monitoring of the pregnancy. Nanotechnology has improved the early, accurate, and safe detection of pregnancy, in addition to current diagnostic methods. This review explores the use of gold nanoparticles to create highly sensitive tests for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in home pregnancy tests. This paper highlights the use of wearable nanosystems for monitoring the health of mothers and babies. It also covers early risk assessments utilizing biosensors made with nanomaterials and blood tests designed with nanoengineering. Furthermore, it explores the potential and practical uses of new, portable technologies during pregnancy. These advancements underscore the transformative capacity of nano-assisted methodologies in continuous monitoring, early detection, and the assessment of pregnancy-related risks. The incorporation of nanotechnology into wearable devices presents significant prospects for enhancing the protection of maternal and fetal wellbeing in the future.